阐述速度频散和衰减现象基本特征的基础上，回顾Biot模型、喷射流模型、BISQ模型、双孔模型、裂缝－孔隙微结构模型和斑块饱和模型等6种主要速度频散与衰减理论模型的研究进程、原理和限制性，利用示意图直观地描述了这些模型的机制，并给出了它们各自的高低频极限、特征频率和适用条件。-Expounded velocity dispersion and attenuation of the basic characteristics of the phenomenon based on a review Biot model, jet stream model the, BISQ model, two-hole model, crack- pore microstructure model and plaque saturated model 6 speed dispersion and attenuation of the theoretical model the research process, principle and restrictive, the use of the schematic diagram of intuitive mechanism described in these models, and gives their respective high and low frequency limits, the characteristic frequency and the applicable conditions.