作者：华清远见嵌入式学院。《Linux设备驱动开发详解》（08&09年度畅销榜TOP50）第2章、驱动设计的硬件基础。本章讲解底层驱动工程师必备的硬件基础，给出了嵌入式系统硬件原理及分析方法的全景视图。2.1节讲解微控制器、微处理器、数字信号处理器以及应用于特定领域的处理器各自的特点。2.2节对嵌入式系统中所使用的各类存储器与CPU的接口、应用领域及特点进行了详细讲解。2.3节讲解常见的外设接口与总线的工作方式，包括串口、I2C、USB、以太网接口、ISA、PCI和cPCI等。嵌入式系统硬件电路中经常会使用CPLD和FPGA，2.4节讲解了CPLD和FPGA在电路中的作用。2.5～2.7节讲解实际项目开发过程中硬件分析的方法，包括如何进行原理图分析、时序分析以及如何快速地从芯片手册获取有效信息。2.8节讲解了调试过程中常用仪器、仪表的使用方法，涉及万用表、示波器和逻辑分析仪。-Author: HuaQing vision embedded institute. The Linux device driver development "(08 and 09 sep TOP50) annual list of best-selling chapter 2, drive design hardware foundation. This chapter explaining the bottom drive engineers must hardware foundation, gives the embedded system hardware principle and analysis methods of the panoramic views. Section 2.1 explain micro controller, microprocessor, digital signal processor and the application in particular areas of the processor respective characteristics. Section 2.2 of embedded system used in all kinds of memory and CPU interface, application field and features detailed explanation. Section 2.3 interpretation of common interface and peripherals, including bus way of working serial port, the I2C, USB, the Ethernet interface, ISA, PCI and cPCI, etc. The embedded system hardware circuit we often use CPLD and FPGA, section 2.4 explained CPLD and FPGA in a circuit ?