随着CPU核心变得更快，硬件设计师提出了笔以往任何时候都更先进的内存处理和加速技术，如CPU的缓存，幸的是，大多数程序员不能对内存子系统或处理器缓存有很好的理解。本文阐述了内存子系统结构，说明他们如何工作，程序应该如何做，以实现最佳的性能。-As CPU cores become both faster and more numerous, the limiting factor for most programs is now, and will be for some time, memory access. Hardware designers have come up with ever more sophisticated memory handling and acceleration techniques–such as CPU caches–but these cannot work optimally without some help from the programmer. Unfortunately, neither the structure nor the cost of using the memory subsystem of a computer or the caches on CPUs is well understood by most programmers. This paper explains the structure of memory subsystems in use on modern commodity hardware, illustrating why CPU caches were developed, how they work, and what programs should do to achieve optimal performance by utilizing them.