模拟退火优化算法 Simulated annealing is a simple and general algorithm for finding global minima. It operates by simulating the cooling of a (usually fictitious) physical system whose possible energies correspond to the values of the objective function being minimized. The anal- ogy works because physical systems occupy only the states with the lowest energy as the temperature is lowered to absolute zero. Simulated annealing has been developed by a wide and highly interdisciplinary com- munity and used by an even wider one. As a consequence, its techniques and results are scattered through the literature and are not easily accessible for the computer scientist, physicist, or chemist who wants to become familiar with the field. The present monograph is intended both as an introduction for the noninitiated and as a review for the more expert reader. We start by developing the subject from scratch. We then explain the methods and techniques indispensable for building state-of-the-art implementations. The physical background presented is meant to sharpen the reader's intuition for the field.