显著性检验（significance test）就是事先对总体（随机变量）的参数或总体分布形式做出一个假设，然后利用样本信息来判断这个假设（备择假设）是否合理，即判断总体的真实情况与原假设是否有显著性差异。或者说，显著性检验要判断样本与我们对总体所做的假设之间的差异是纯属机会变异，还是由我们所做的假设与总体真实情况之间不一致所引起的。 显著性检验是针对我们对总体所做的假设做检验，其原理就是“小概率事件实际不可能性原理”来接受或否定假设。(difference between the significance test and the assumptions we do on the whole is purely an opportunity variation, or is it caused by the disagreement between the assumptions we do and the overall reality. The significance test is to test the assumptions we do on the whole, and the principle is to accept or deny the hypothesis, "the principle of the actual impossibility of small probability events".　　　　　　Sampling experiments will produce sampling errors. When comparing and analyzing the experimental data, we can not make a conclusion only on the basis of the difference between the two results (average or rate), but to make statistical analysis to identify whether the difference between the two is caused by the sampling error or by the specific experimental department.)