Robust fault diagnosis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using a Takagi-Sugeno interval observer approach(In this paper, the problem of robust fault diagnosis of proton exchange membrane (PEM)
fuel cells is addressed by introducing the Takagi-Sugeno (TS) interval observers that
consider uncertainty in a bounded context, adapting TS observers to the so-called interval
approach. Design conditions for the TS interval observer based on regional pole
placement are also introduced to guarantee the fault detection and isolation (FDI)
performance. The fault detection test is based on checking the consistency between the
measurements and the output estimations provided by the TS observers. In presence of
bounded uncertainty, this check relies on determining if all the measurements lie inside
their corresponding estimated interval bounds. When a fault is detected, the
measurements that are inconsistent with their corresponding estimations are annotated
and a fault isolation procedure is triggered.)