小波降噪、时频分析等方法，系统地研究航天电子设备多余物噪声检测过程中各操作变量和微粒物理参数对声波频谱的影响。通过单因素试验，详细分析了微粒粒径、振动力学条件中加速度和频率等3因素对声音信号频谱分布的影响规律，比较了短时傅里叶变换和小波变换的特点。该结果为进一步识别多余物微粒的参数提供了指导依据(the complexity of the material interaction and the properties of the particles themselves make the received signal difficult to analyse. This paper based on particle collision sound wave mechanism, using the methods of wavelet de-noising, time-frequency analysis and so on, this paper systematically studies the influence of various operating variables and particle physics parameters on the sound spectrum in the process of detecting the noise of aerospace electronic equipment. Through the single factor test, the influences of the three factors such as acceleration and frequency on the spectral distribution of the sound signal are analyse in detail, and the characteristics of the short-time Fourier transform and the wavelet transform are compared. The result provides a guideline for further identification of the parameters of the extraneous particles.)