如果一个系统具有层次、结构关系的模糊性，动态变化的随机性，指标数据的不完备或不确定性，则称这些特性为灰色性。具有灰色性的系统称为灰色系统。对灰色系统建立的预测模型称为灰色模型(Grey Model)，简称GM模型，它揭示了系统内部事物连续发展变化的过程。(In mathematics, statistics, and computational modelling, a grey box model combines a partial theoretical structure with data to complete the model. The theoretical structure may vary from information on the smoothness of results, to models that need only parameter values from data or existing literature. Thus, almost all models are grey box models as opposed to black box where no model form is assumed or white box models that are purely theoretical. Some models assume a special form such as a linear regression or neural network.These have special analysis methods. In particular linear regression techniques are much more efficient than most non-linear techniques. The model can be deterministic or stochastic (i.e. containing random components) depending on its planned use.)