数字集成电路物理设计，数字后端。 包括集成电路物理设计方法，物理设计建库与验证，布局布线等(Digital integrated circuit physical design, post design.)

中国数字后端较为稀少的资料之一，普及基础的数字后端知识(One of the more sparse data sources in China's digital backend is the popularization of digital back-end knowledge)